Your grades, test scores and activities constitute a big chunk of what colleges consider for admission. Do your best in class and truly prepare for tests you take. 

Junior year can also be a time to step forward as a leader in the world outside academics. Explore pursuits that interest you, not just because the exercise will look good on an application, but also because it allows you to flourish as a person. 

• Ask for help: If you feel stuck in your studies and in need of a breakthrough, ask teachers, parents or friends for help in finding a new approach. 

• Speak up in class: You will need to ask two junior-year teachers to write recommendations. They can't know you without hearing your thoughts. 

• Get enough sleep: The single most important thing you can do as a learner is to get enough sleep. The average 16-year-old brain needs more than eight hours of sleep to function at 100 percent, and that's exactly where you want to be. 

• Plan your testing calendar: Grades come first. But test scores matter, too. Talk with you parents and guidance counselor about which tests to take, when to take them and how to prepare for them. 

First up, the PSAT. If your 10th-grade scores put you in reach of a national merit scholarship, it might be wise to spend concentrated time prepping. Then take the SAT ACT in winter or early spring. 

Don't worry if you don't get your ideal score; you can try again. The SAT subject tests are also an option for May or June in areas where you shine or in subjects you covered junior year. 

• Get involved: It's great to be able to show you've worked hard, are dedicated to an activity, play well with others – and can lead them. Start an arts discussion group that goes to museum openings, or be voted team captain. 

• Start building your list: Once you have a handle on your test scores, talk to a counselor and start your list your target schools, reaches and safeties. Explore college websites and online resources. 

• Make some college visits: Spring break and summer vacation are ideal times to check out few campuses. Also try to attend college fairs and talk with the folks behind the tables. 

• Write: Procrastination doesn't make for a good college essay. Aim to have first drafts done by Labor Day. Share them with an English teacher or counselor.